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南非总统曼德拉的生平事迹！
南非的民族斗士曼德拉，因为领导反对白人种族隔离政策而入狱，白人统治者把他关在荒凉的大西洋小岛罗本岛上27年。当时尽管曼德拉已经高龄，但是白人统治者依然像对待一般的年轻犯人一样对他进行残酷的虐待。罗本岛位于离开普敦西北方向7英里的桌湾，岛上布满岩石，到处都是海豹和蛇及其他动物。
曼德拉被关在总集中营一个「锌皮房」，白天打石头，将采石场采的大石块碎成石料。有时从冰冷的海水里捞取海带，还做采石灰的工作。他每天早晨排队到采石场，然后被解开脚镣，下到一个很大的石灰石田地，用尖镐和铁锹挖掘石灰石。因为曼德拉是要犯，专门看守他的人就有3个。他们对他并不友好，总是寻找各种理由虐待他。 有关电影《再见巴法纳》
但是，当1991年曼德拉出狱当选总统以后，曼德拉在他的总统就职典礼上的一个举动震惊了整个世界。总统就职仪式开始了，曼德拉起身致辞欢迎来宾。他先介绍了来自世界各国的政要，然后他说，虽然他深感荣幸能接待这么多尊贵的客人，但他最高兴的是当初他被关在罗本岛监狱时，看守他的3名前狱方人员也能到场。他邀请他们站起身，以便他能介绍给大家。
曼德拉博大的胸襟和宽宏的精神，让南非那些残酷虐待了他27年的白人无地自容，也让所有到场的人肃然起敬。看着年迈的曼德拉缓缓站起身来，恭敬地向3个曾关押他的看守致敬，在场的所有的来宾以至于整个世界都静下来了
后来，曼德拉向朋友们解释说，自己年轻时性子很急，脾气暴躁，正是在狱中学会了控制情绪才活了下来。他的牢狱岁月给了他时间与激励，使他学会了如何处理自己遭遇苦难的痛苦。他说，感恩与宽容经常是源自痛苦与磨难的，必须以极大的毅力来训练。
他说起获释出狱当天的心情：“当我走出囚室，经过通往自由的监狱大门时，我已经清楚，自己若不能把悲伤与怨恨留在身后，那么我其实仍在狱中。”“美丽而豪迈的西开普省开普敦市，面对浩渺如烟的大西洋，桌山平静的一如万年不摇的黑色巨人，后方绵延开去非洲大陆广袤多山的土地，前方脚下大西洋的亲吻中黑色的一小点：罗本岛，人们告诉我那是曼德拉岛。其实曼德拉早已不在那，但海豹和海欧仍然围着它昼夜逡巡。
出开普市区的高速公路还没刚走出多远，我看见了无数废旧货柜铁皮搭成的聚居区，低矮、密集、黑色、陈旧，着衣简陋的黑人们或坐或站或晚餐在门前，是天际夕阳即将抹去的一幅默默的画；而我的车，将驶往远处的庄园区，那里开阔的土地，草地碧绿，黑色的佣人恭敬地为你开门和泊车，室内在卡拉哦开、麻将，院子里有烧烤，弥漫着一种糜烂的幸福。 而沿途，黑妞频频招手，只要愿意就可以搭她们上车。等等，太多了，他们她们都很聪明，而我在想，只因我们出生的种族、地区不同，然后身分、地位、财富也是如此不同。这个地方能出一个曼德拉，是上帝的安排。
抢劫、枪杀、罢工的事络绎不绝，从开普敦到德班，从德班到约翰内斯堡，从约翰内斯堡到比赛托利亚，如今又发生黑人之间的大规模排外暴乱， 白人们黄人们都感叹黑人自己哪里会治国，但我要说殖民者的温情移民者的善意都无法改变绝大多数人的贫穷，当一个地区长时间形成了不合理，不合理也是需要长时间来消灭，除非流血的革命。
曼德拉的和平政变主义，注定南非黑人这一整个世纪的苦难和不平息。由此看来，无产阶级是多么颠覆一切的力量，无产阶级既可以被资本家看作是社会的倒退，也可以被历史看作空前的颠覆。由此可以认定，人民的力量决定于思想的力量。曼德拉是白人教育下产出的民族主义的崛起，鉴定完毕。”
曼德拉在致词时语重心长地说：『在未向一对新人表示祝福之前，我要提醒你们，世界上不存在没有矛盾的婚姻，不要一遇到矛盾就认为世界末日到了。我坚信你们能够战胜婚姻道路上一切困难，白头偕老，百年和好。祝你们幸福！』作为祖鲁族的副总统祖马表示，结婚是人生的一件大事，你们来自大河两岸，传统不同，风俗各异，组成一个家庭标志著两个民族、两个地区的结合。你们要听取长辈的忠告，走好今后的人生道路，共享美满婚姻的幸福，幸福的婚姻在各方面都是令人愉快的。
扩展资料：
纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉（Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela，1918年7月18日—2013年12月5日），出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为“南非国父”。
在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。
曼德拉在40年来获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的便是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，其被选为最伟大的南非人。
参考资料：百度百科-曼德拉
如何客观评价纳尔逊·曼德拉
纳尔逊·曼德拉是二十世纪九十年代非洲乃至世界政坛上一颗最耀眼的和平主义者。他领导的非国大在结束南非种族主义的斗争中发挥了极其重要的作用。1994年4月新南非诞生，标志着非洲大陆反帝、反殖、反对种族隔离的政治解放任务胜利完成。最终当选为南非历史上第一位黑人总统，享有崇高的声誉，被誉为“全球总统”。
简介：
纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉（Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela，1918年7月18日－2013年12月5日），出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为“南非国父”。
在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。
纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语
纳尔逊曼德拉，曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为“南非国父”。下面是我给大家整理的纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语，供大家参阅!
纳尔逊曼德拉简介
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, July 18, 1918 - December 5, 2013), was born in South Africa Terence Kay, has won the South African University Bachelor of Arts and Witwae University of Teslan. Former National Committee of the National Youth League National Committee, Chairman. From 1994 to 1999 served as president of South Africa, is the first black president, was known as the "father of South Africa."
Before the presidency, Mandela was a leader of active anti-apartheid, and also a national leader of the armed groups of the African National Congress. When he led the anti-apartheid movement, the South African court convicted him with conspiracy to overthrow the government. According to the verdict, Mandela served in prison for 27 years. After his release in 1990, he turned to support mediation and consultation, and led the country in transition in the transition to democracy. Since the end of the apartheid system, Mandela has received praise from all walks of life, including former opponents.
Mandela won more than 100 awards in 40 years, the most notable of which was the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In 2004, it was chosen as the greatest South Africans.
纳尔逊曼德拉生平经历
Early life
Nelson Raleigh Herah la Mandela is the only member of the family to go to school, primary school teacher named him Nelson. When Mandela was 9 years old, his father died of tuberculosis. Tribe in the regent became his guardian, Mandela then went to leave the father of the palace not far from the school of the West school. According to Tengbu’s habit, he was 16 years old from the industry. Mandela spent two years to complete the usual 3 years to complete the junior high school. Because of his father’s status, he was designated as the successor of the dynasty.
Mandela met at the University of Fordhar, met a good friend of life, good colleagues - Oliver Tambo. And in the first year of his career at Mandela, he was involved in activities that students would boycott school unreasonable policies. He was ordered to drop out and was told that he would not be able to return to school unless he accepted the election results of the student union. Since then, Mandela won a correspondence law degree at the University of London.
After leaving Fordhar, Mandela arranged to marry with the heir of the Tengbu family. But he chose to escape, left his hometown came to Johannesburg. When he arrived in Johannesburg, he found a job in the coal mine. However, when the mine owner found Mandela is fleeing aristocracy after the rapid dismissal of him. Mandela then found a clerical work at a law firm in Johannesburg, where he completed his bachelor’s degree at the University of South Africa, after which he began to study law at Jinshan University in Johannesburg. Mandela lived in Jakarta University in the north of Johannesburg and met his colleagues in the anti-apartheid period - Joslo Loew, Harris Watts and Ruth Foster.
Join politics
1944 participated in the non-violent struggle of the South African African National Congress (referred to as the ANC).
In 1948, the South African Kuomintang, which was governed by the Boers, won the general election. As the party supported the policy of apartheid, Mandela began to actively join politics in his 1952 anti-Nationalist movement and the 1955 People’s Assembly Played a leading role, the basis of these movements is the freedom of the Charter. At the same time, Mandela and his lawyer Oliver Tambo opened the Mandela Tanbo law firm, for the defense of black lawyers to provide free or low-cost legal advisory services, and has served as non-country Large executive committee, chairman of the province of Delaware, vice chairman of the country. At the end of 1952, he successfully organized and led the "contempt for injustice movement", won the respect of all blacks. To this end, the South African authorities have twice issued a ban on his participation in public meetings.
September 2, 1958, Hendrik Frensie Vivold served as Prime Minister of South Africa, which during the administration of the "Bantustan law", the move will be more than 1,000 million African black only limited to 12.5% South African land, and at the same time in the country to strengthen the permit system, which intensified the South African black and white conflict, eventually led to the occurrence of the Chapelle Violent.
March 21, 1960, the South African military police in Chapelle to the ongoing demonstrations of five thousand protesters fired, massacre led to 69 people were killed and 180 injured, Mandela was also arrested and imprisoned, But finally through the defense of the court for their own defense, and acquitted.
In 1961 he led the strike movement to protest and boycott the "South African Republic" established by white racists; then moved into the underground armed struggle. Mandela created the ANC military organization: "the nation’s spear" (Umkhonto we Sizwe) and served as commander-in-chief. He had secretly visited abroad and attended the anti-non-free movement conference held in Addis Ababa, calling for economic sanctions against South Africa.
Was arrested and imprisoned
In August 1962, under the auspices of the CIA, Mandela was arrested and imprisoned by the South African apartheid regime, when the government sentenced Mandela to imprisonment for five years with "incitement" and "unlawful transgressions". Della began his 27-year "prison career".
On October 15, 1962, Mandela was detained at the Prefecture of Pretoria. There, Mandela was detained for the benefit of his own, with a length of 23 hours a day, only half an hour a day for the morning and afternoon. There is no natural light in the separate room, there is no writing, everything is isolated from the outside. Eventually, Mandela gave up some of his rights, and he wanted to be able to communicate with others.
June 1964, the South African government to "attempt to violate the government to punish the crime" is serving a sentence of Mandela’s life imprisonment, when he was transferred to Robben Island. Robben Island was the largest secret prison in South Africa from the mid-1960s to 1991, and the island had detained a large number of black political prisoners. Mandela in the island of the island of the island only 4.5 square meters, where he was treated by non-human. The prisoners on Robben Island were forced by the jailers to the quarries on the island. On the island, Mandela wants the prison to agree that he opened up a vegetable garden in the yard of the prison, the prison refused many times, but eventually agreed to Mandela’s request. On the island, Mandela still insists on physical exercise, such as running in a cell, doing push-ups for exercise.
In 1982, Mandela left Robben Island, where he was transferred to the Poers Moore Prison. Since then, Mandela has ended his 18-year imprisonment in Robben Island. He also opened a garden here, and planted nearly 900 plants.
In May 1984, the official allowed Mandela to engage in "contact" visits with his wife, and when his wife heard the news that Mandela could be ill, when they were visiting, they hugged each other, "It was the first time that I had kissed my wife for so many years," said Dela, and for the past few years I have not touched my lady ’s hand for 21 years.
Regains freedom
South Africa was subjected to severe sanctions by the international community during the period of the apartheid period, which eventually led to the dismantling of South Africa in 1990 and the achievement of national reconciliation.
February 10, 1990, South African President De Klerk announced the unconditional release of Mandela, February 11, 1990, spent in prison for 27 years Mandela finally regained freedom. On the day of his release, he went to the Soweto football field, to 120,000 people published his famous "jail speech." In March 1990, he was appointed by the National Executive Committee of the National Assembly as vice chairman, acting chairman.
Served as president
In April 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial election in South Africa. On May 9, Mandela became the first black president in South African history after the first multi-racial election in South Africa was announced.
In December 1997, Mandela resigned as chairman of the ANC and said he was no longer in the June 1999 presidential campaign.
On March 12, 1999, he was awarded the honorary doctorate degree by the prestigious university of Leiden. In May, President Mandela was invited to visit China. He was the first South African head of state to visit China. Officially resigned in June.
Sick hospital
In March 2013 Mandela was re-admitted to hospital at midnight on 27th due to recurrence of lung infection, the third time that Mandela was admitted since December 2012 and his second hospital stay in March. At the time of the arrival of Easter in the West, the people of South Africa went to the church to pray for Mandela.
June 8, 2013, Mandela due to lung infection recurrence was sent to Pretoria hospital treatment. In the same year on June 12, Mandela grandson Mandila issued a statement that Mandela’s condition has improved, Mandela to South Africa and the world for the blessing of Mandela expressed gratitude. June 23, Mandela illness began to deteriorate. The medical team reported that in the past 24 hours, Mandela’s condition was "critical".
On September 1, 2013, the President of the South African Republic said former President Mandela had left the hospital and returned to the home in Johannesburg to continue to receive intensive care, but the condition was still very serious and the health was sometimes unstable.
December 6, 2013 (South Africa time 5), Mandela died in Johannesburg residence, at the age of 95 years. South Africa held a national burial for Mandela, the national half flag.
Funeral
At 10:00 on December 10, 2013, Mandela’s official memorial service will be held at the National Bank Gymnasium in Johannesburg, South Africa.
December 11, 2013, Mandela’s body will be transferred to Pretoria’s federal building for three days for the public to pay tribute.
Every morning from 11 to 13 December 2013, Mandela’s coffin will be patrolled on the main road in Pretoria for the final farewell to their country’s father.
December 15, 2013 morning, Mandela’s funeral ceremony in Mandela children living in Kunu village was held, the specific location is Mandela’s family cemetery. Leaders from multiple countries attended the funeral ceremony and spoke, nearly 5,000 people to send Mandela last journey.
纳尔逊曼德拉家庭生活
family background
Mandela is a member of the non-eldest son of the kingdom of Thembu, which dominates the Turanje area of Cape Town, South Africa. He was born in the small village of Mouvizo, located in the area of Mttata, the capital of Trentac. His father’s great-grandfather, Ngubengcuka, died in 1832, ruled the Tengfu people with the position of the king (Inkosi Enkhulu). One of the sons named Mandela, became Nelson’s grandfather, was also the origin of his surname. However, since his mother came from the Ixhiba family (the so-called "left royal family"), according to tradition, his descendants were not qualified to inherit the throne of Tengbu.
Mandela’s father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, served as tribal chief in the town of Mouvizo. However, due to the incompatibility between the colonial authorities, they took the status of Meng Fanking Islam and moved his family to Kunu. In spite of this, Meng Fanken Ishwa is still a member of the king’s Privy Council and served as the corner of the throne of the throne of the emperor of the emperor.
Life partner
Mandela’s life left the traces of three women. They are: first love lover Evelyn, "black mother" Winnie and "old friend" Graza.
23 years old first love
In 1941, 23-year-old Mandela met the anti-apartheid people Sisu Lu, and with his deep friendship, it is Sisu Lu introduced Mandela to join the ANC. Sicily is not only Mandela’s lead, or "old man", Mandela’s first love and the first lady Evelyn Metz is the cousin of Sicily. In 1944, Mandela took Evelyn to marry. Evelyn gave birth to three children. But because Mandela devote themselves to anti-apartheid movement, rarely take into account the family, the couple widened, and finally sadly broke up.
Mother of the fall
Mandela’s second marriage is the most popular. In 1958, Mandela and young beautiful Winnie at first sight, soon into the marriage hall. "Winnie Mandela" is a well-known name in South Africa. Wynne, who grew up in the struggle against apartheid, won the love of war, loyalty and maternal love, and enjoyed the "black mother" in South Africa.
But later, with the status of the continuous improvement, Winnie character insider despotic, brutal overbearing side gradually exposed in front of the world. She advocates violence, life corruption, also occurred extramarital affairs. Mandela was released from prison and found that the South African newspaper was full of Winnie’s scandal. Mandela has repeatedly tried to persuade, but can not restore his wife’s heart, he had painfully confessed, since the release, with Winnie living together that time, he became the world’s most lonely people. In 1996, Mandela divorced Winnie.
In the later years,
In 1996, Mandela was staggering: "I fell in love again." July 18, 1998, Mandela 80-year-old birthday, 53-year-old Mozambican former president Marshall widow Graza became the bride of Mandela. Scottish, German, French, Spanish and English are the only women in the first 11 years of the post-Mozambican Liberation Front. Mandela laughed: "From now on, the most important content of my life is two, the first is Graza, the second is to eat prawns in Mozambique.
Make a child
Mandela has a total of six children, two men and four women.
He and his first wife symbiotic two men and two women, but the daughter died after birth. Mandela’s eldest son, Madiba Sambekiel, died in a car accident in 1969, and his second son, Mark Jato Mandela, died of AIDS on January 6, 2005.
Mandela and his second wife, Winnie, had two daughters.
纳尔逊·曼德拉的人生经历是什么样的
1918年7月18日，纳尔逊·曼德拉出生在南非最大的一块黑人“保留地”特兰斯凯。他的家族是当地科萨人滕布部落王族中的一支，父亲是滕布人部落的一个酋长，并任滕布人大酋长的首席顾问，纳尔逊是老曼德拉唯一的儿子。12岁时他父亲病逝。此后，滕布人的大酋长达林戴波成为曼德拉的监护人。
曼德拉早年在教会小学和地区师范学校学习，1938年考入当时南非唯一招收黑人学生的大学——黑尔堡大学攻读文学学士学位。
1953年9月，曼德拉在他起草的著名报告———《自由之路无坦途》一文中指出要采取新的斗争方式，要以更高的水平来进行斗争。他提出的具体设想就是实施M计划。当时非国大执委会虽然通过了M计划，但曼德拉的主张并没有立即成为非国大指导思想的主流。非国大的领导人大多习惯于公开号召，对合法斗争抱有幻想，而对于把非国大建成一个中央集权的适合于从事地下斗争的组织很反感。加之非国大长期以来组织松散，权力分散，因此M计划的实行在50年代并不得力。
1962年8月5日，在由纳塔尔省驱车返回约翰内斯堡的路上，由于有人告密，转入地下17个月后的曼德拉被警察逮捕。
1963年10月9日，法庭正式开庭。
对曼德拉等领导人的审判引起国内外的强烈反应。广大黑人群众行动起来，人们情绪激奋，不允许当局杀害自己的领导人。随着审判接近尾声，还出现了世界范围的抗议活动。1964年6月9日，即最终审判的前3天，联合国安理会通过决议，强烈要求南非停止审判，对被告实行赦免。
在国内群众反抗和国际舆论的巨大压力下，南非当局对处置这些黑人运动的领导人不得不有所顾忌。1964年6月12日，法庭最后宣判，被告所犯罪行实质上是重大叛国罪，但政府决定不以这种形式进行指控，不处极刑，而对所有被告处以终身监禁。
1964年6月，曼德拉被重新关进罗本岛监狱。此后，他在那里度过了漫长的18年。
1989年7月，曼德拉利用与前总统博塔会见的机会，正式提出了通过和平谈判，政治解决南非问题，实现多数人统治的思想。他提议“在非国大和南非政府之间举行会晤，通过谈判找到一种行之有效的解决办法”，并主张双方在自愿的基础上“作出让步”，以达成一致。这一主张随即为非国大采纳，并很快得到南部非洲前线国家和非统组织的认可。
1990年2月11日，打着改革旗号上台的德克勒克政府无条件地释放了曼德拉，曼德拉终于重新呼吸到了自由的空气。经过27年漫长的铁窗生涯，曼德拉已年过古稀，明显地苍老了，但他却身形挺拔，反应敏捷，依然充满了生命的活力。尤其令世人惊叹的是，监狱的苦役和折磨并没有摧垮他的意志或使他充满仇恨，相反他态度温和、彬彬有礼，脸上总是带着慈祥的微笑。人们感到，他的身上蕴藏着令人钦佩的智慧。
曼德拉获释后立即来到设在赞比亚的非国大总部，并被推举为党的副主席，实际上代替坦博承担起领导非国大的任务。经过曼德拉的工作，党内领导层对谈判问题上的认识取得了统一，决定把工作转入国内，并选举了以曼德拉为首的代表团与白人政府进行谈判。
1990年5月，以曼德拉为首的非国大代表团与南非政府首次举行会晤，这是南非白人和黑人的政治代表有史以来第一次平等地坐在同一谈判桌前。南非政府同意消除谈判的障碍，释放政治犯，保护流亡的政治犯，与非国大共同努力结束城市的暴力活动。同年8月，非国大同意终止历时30年的武装斗争。1991年6月，南非议会废除了作为种族隔离制度支柱的《集团居住法》、《土地法》和《人口登记法》。
1991年以后相继与保守的黑人政党因卡塔自由党主席兼克瓦祖鲁“黑人家园”首席部长布特莱齐、激进的黑人解放组织泛非主义者大会主席马奎图举行会谈，呼吁停止敌对行动，在政治解决进程中以一个声音说话。这样做不仅大大有助于协调黑人内部的淡判立场，而且促成了1991年10月各主要民主力量的大联合——爱国统一战线的成立，其中包括绝大多数黑人政党和组织，白人民主党和有色人工党等，从而增强了民主力量的谈判地位。1991年12月20—21日，代表不同种族，部族利益的19个主要政党和南非政府召开“民主南非大会”，共同讨论南非的政治前途。这成为南非民主进程中的一个重要里程碑。
1993年6月，多党制宪谈判委员会运用“足够多数”的原则，正式确定1994年4月27日为南非历史上首次不分种族的全民大选日。9月9日又取得重大突破，达成了关于在年内成立过渡执行委员会的协议。11月18日，经过2年多的艰苦谈判，多党谈判委员会终于就过渡时期临时宪法达成了协议，它标志着南非已从法律上废除了种族隔离制度，同时也宣告南非长达300多年的白人少数对黑人多数统治的时代已一去不复返了。南非和平进程进入了全民大选活动阶段。
在这个过程中，曼德拉还不断密切与德克勒克的合作，相互配合，共同解决民主进程中出现的各种问题。这充分展现了曼德拉作为一个伟大的政治家所具有的宽广胸怀与高超的斗争艺术，而德克勒克也显示了他能够顺应历史潮流的远见卓识。由于曼德拉和德克勒克在废除种族隔离制度、促进种族和解斗争中的突出贡献，他们于1991年、1993年先后被授予联合国“博瓦尼争取和平奖”和诺贝尔和平奖。
1994年2月16日，非国大对极右势力做出重大让步，曼德拉表示，非国大已经同意考虑起草有关建立一个白人家园的宪法修正案，但仍反对建立在种族基础上。在大选前夕的4月19日，曼德拉和德克勒克又与因卡塔自由党领导人布特莱齐签署了《和解与和平协议备忘录》，因卡塔自由党宣布将参加大选，非国大和南非政府则承认祖鲁国王祖韦利蒂尼为祖鲁族纳塔尔地区的传统君主，并立即为此修改宪法。对右翼势力做出的重要妥协充分反映了曼德拉对于在南非实现最广泛的民族团结所具有的理想与信念。
1994年4月26—28日，所有种族参加的大选如期举行，曼德拉领导的非国大在史无前例的全民大选中获总有效票数的62.65%，以压倒优势赢得胜利。5月9日，纳尔逊·曼德拉在南非新大选产生的议会中当选新南非首位总统，他是南非历史上第一位黑人总统。
纳尔逊.曼德拉简介
纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉( Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ）1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯一个大酋长家庭，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格，当过律师。曼德拉自幼性格刚强，崇敬民族英雄。他是家中长子而被指定为酋长继承人。但他表示：“决不愿以酋长身份统治一个受压迫的部族”，而要“以一个战士的名义投身于民族解放事业”。他毅然走上了追求民族解放的道路。1944年他参加南非非洲人国民大会（简称非国大）。1948年当选为非国大青年联盟全国书记，1950年任非国大青年联盟全国主席。1952年先后任非国大执委、德兰士瓦省主席、全国副主席。同年年底，他成功地组织并领导了“蔑视不公正法令运动”，赢得了全体黑人的尊敬。为此，南非当局曾两次发出不准他参加公众集会的禁令。 1961年6月曼德拉创建非国大军事组织“民族之矛”，任总司令。1962年8月，曼德拉被捕入狱，当时他年仅43岁，南非政府以政治煽动和非法越境罪判处他5年监禁。1964年6月，他又被指控犯有以阴谋颠覆罪而改判为无期徒刑，从此开始了漫长的铁窗生涯，在狱中长达27个春秋，他备受迫害和折磨，但始终坚贞不屈。1990年2月11日，南非当局在国内外舆论压力下，被迫宣布无条件释放曼德拉。同年3月，他被非国大全国执委任命为副主席、代行主席职务，1991年7月当选为主席。1994年4月，非国大在南非首次不分种族的大选中获胜。同年5月，曼德拉成为南非第一位黑人总统。1997年12月，曼德拉辞去非国大主席一职，并表示不再参加1999年6月的总统竞选。1999年6月正式去职。 主要著作有：《走向自由之路不会平坦》、《斗争就是生活》、《争取世界自由宣言》、自传《自由路漫漫》。 1991年联合国教科文组织授予曼德拉“乌弗埃－博瓦尼争取和平奖”。1993年10月，诺贝尔和平委员会授予他诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他为废除南非种族歧视政策所作出的贡献。同年他还与当时的南非总统德克勒克一起被授予美国费城自由勋章。1998年9月曼德拉访美，获美国“国会金奖”，成为第一个获得美国这一最高奖项的非洲人。2000年8月被南部非洲发展共同体授予“卡马”勋章，以表彰他在领导南非人民争取自由的长期斗争中，在实现新旧南非的和平过渡阶段，以及担任南共体主席期间做出的杰出贡献。 1992年曼德拉与温妮分居，1996年3月19日，法院判定曼德拉与温妮离婚。现任妻子格拉萨·马谢尔(Graca Machel)是莫桑比克前总统萨莫拉的遗孀，1998年7月18日与曼德拉结婚。 1992年10月首次访华，5日被北京大学授予名誉法学博士学位。1999年5月，曼德拉总统应邀访华，他是首位访华的南非国家元首。 另：1944年他参加南非非洲人国民大会（简称非国大）。 1948年当选为非国大青年联盟全国书记。 1950年任非国大青年联盟全国主席。 1952年先后任非国大执委、德兰士瓦省主席、全国副主席。同年年底，他成功地组织并领导了“蔑视不公正法令运动”，赢得了全体黑人的尊敬。为此，南非当局曾两次发出不准他参加公众集会的禁令。 1961年6月曼德拉创建非国大军事组织“民族之矛”，任总司令。 1962年8月，曼德拉被捕入狱，当时他年仅43岁，南非政府以政治煽动和非法越境罪判处他5年监禁。 1964年6月，他又被指控犯有以阴谋颠覆罪而改判为无期徒刑，从此开始了漫长的铁窗生涯，在狱中长达27个春秋，他备受迫害和折磨，但始终坚贞不屈。 1990年2月11日，南非当局在国内外舆论压力下，被迫宣布无条件释放曼德拉。同年3月，他被非国大全国执委任命为副主席、代行主席职务。 1991年7月当选为主席。 1991年联合国教科文组织授予曼德拉“乌弗埃－博瓦尼争取和平奖”。 1992年曼德拉与温妮分居。 1992年10月首次访华，5日被北京大学授予名誉法学博士学位。 1993年10月，诺贝尔和平委员会授予他诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他为废除南非种族 歧视政策所作出的贡献。同年他还与当时的南非总统德克勒克一起被授予美国费城自由勋章。 1994年4月，非国大在南非首次不分种族的大选中获胜。 同年5月，曼德拉成为南非第一位黑人总统。 1996年3月19日，法院判定曼德拉与温妮离婚。 1997年12月，曼德拉辞去非国大主席一职，并表示不再参加1999年6月的总统竞选。 1998年7月18日曼德拉与格拉萨•马谢尔(Graca Machel)是莫桑比克前总统萨莫拉的遗孀结婚。 1998年9月曼德拉访美，获美国“国会金奖”，成为第一个获得美国这一最高奖项的非洲人。 1999年5月，曼德拉总统应邀访华，他是首位访华的南非国家元首。 1999年6月正式去职。 2000年8月被南部非洲发展共同体授予“卡马”勋章，以表彰他在领导南非人民争取自由的长期斗争中，在实现新旧南非的和平过渡阶段，以及担任南共体主席期间做出的杰出贡献。
曼德拉被关进监狱多少年了﹖
曼德拉被关进监狱27年。
在成为总统之前，曼德拉是一位积极的反种族隔离人士，也是非国大武装派别的领袖，也是这个国家的长矛。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非一家法院判定他密谋推翻政府。
根据判决，曼德拉坐了27年牢。1990年出狱后，他成为调解和谈判的支持者，并领导南非向多种族民主过渡。自种族隔离制度结束以来，曼德拉得到了包括前对手在内的许多方面的赞扬。
扩展资料：
纳尔逊·曼德拉是二十世纪九十年代非洲乃至世界政坛上一颗最耀眼的和平主义者。他领导的非国大在结束南非种族主义的斗争中发挥了极其重要的作用。
1994年4月新南非诞生，标志着非洲大陆反帝、反殖、反对种族隔离的政治解放任务胜利完成。最终当选为南非历史上第一位黑人总统，享有崇高的声誉，被誉为全球总统 。
参考资料来源：百度百科—曼德拉
纳尔逊·曼德拉的出身是怎样的
1918年7月18日，纳尔逊·曼德拉出生在南非最大的一块黑人“保留地”特兰斯凯。他的家族是当地科萨人滕布部落王族中的一支，父亲是滕布人部落的一个酋长，并任滕布人大酋长的首席顾问，纳尔逊是老曼德拉唯一的儿子。12岁时他父亲病逝。此后，滕布人的大酋长达林戴波成为曼德拉的监护人。
曼德拉早年在教会小学和地区师范学校学习，1938年考入当时南非唯一招收黑人学生的大学——黑尔堡大学攻读文学学士学位。
