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求美国南北战争的材料，要英文版的
(1861 – 65) Conflict between the U.S. federal government and 11 Southern states that fought to secede from the Union. It arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states’ rights. In the 1840s and ’50s, Northern opposition to slavery in the Western territories caused the Southern states to fear that existing slaveholdings, which formed the economic base of the South, were also in danger. By the 1850s abolitionism was growing in the North, and when the antislavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. They were organized as the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Northern states of the federal Union, under Lincoln, commanded more than twice the population of the Confederacy and held greater advantages in manufacturing and transportation capacity. The war began in Charleston, S.C., when Confederate artillery fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Both sides quickly raised armies. In July 1861, 30,000 Union troops marched toward the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., but were stopped by Confederate forces in the Battle of Bull Run and forced to retreat to Washington, D.C. The defeat shocked the Union, which called for 500,000 more recruits. The war’s first major campaign began in February 1862, when Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured Confederate forts in western Tennessee. Union victories at the battles of Shiloh and New Orleans followed. In the East, Robert E. Lee won several Confederate victories in the Seven Days’ Battles and, after defeat at the Battle of Antietam, in the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862). After the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee invaded the North and engaged Union forces under George Meade at the momentous Battle of Gettysburg. The war’s turning point in the West occurred in July 1863 with Grant’s success in the Vicksburg Campaign, which brought the entire Mississippi River under Union control. Grant’s command was expanded after the Union defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, and in March 1864 Lincoln gave him supreme command of the Union armies. He began a strategy of attrition and, despite heavy Union casualties at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, began to surround Lee’s troops in Petersburg, Va. (see Petersburg Campaign). Meanwhile William T. Sherman captured Atlanta in September (see Atlanta Campaign), set out on a destructive march through Georgia, and soon captured Savannah. Grant captured Richmond on April 3, 1865, and accepted Lee’s surrender on April 9 at Appomattox Court House. On April 26 Sherman received the surrender of Joseph Johnston, thereby ending the war. The mortality rates of the war were staggering — there were about 620,000 deaths out of a total of 2.4 million soldiers. The South was devastated. But the Union was preserved, and slavery was abolished.
介绍关于美国南北战争的英语PPT
Somethings about:Causes of the War Civil War Leaders Resultsand so on〓〓〓〓〓〓〓〓The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a sectional conflict in the United States of America between the federal government (the "Union") and 11 Southern slave states that declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, which opposed expansion of slavery, rejected any right of secession. Fighting began April 12, 1861 when Confederate forces attacked a Federal fort at the Battle of Fort Sumter. The full restoration of the Union was the work of a highly contentious postwar era known as Reconstruction. The war produced more than 970,000 casualties (3% of the population), including approximately 620,000 soldier deaths—⅔ by disease. The causes of the war, the reasons for its outcome, and even the name of the war itself are subjects of lingering controversy even today. The main results of the war were the restoration and strengthening of the Union, and the end of slavery in the United States
关于美国南北战争简介和介绍南方跟北方在经济、社会、政治各方面的特点在内战期间 （老师要求写成ess
（1）经济优势：随着工业革命的发展，美国北方资本主义经济得到迅速发展，相对于南方种植园经济具有巨大的优势。真正意图：南北两种经济制度在市场、关税、西部土地处理、奴隶制存废等问题上产生无法调和的分歧，为保存奴隶制度，南方只有脱离联邦。（2）过程：1861年，美国南方擅自宣布脱离联邦，挑起内战；内战初期，北方形势不利，为扭转局势，林肯政府颁布《宅地法》和《解放宣言》，军事上又取得葛底斯堡战役胜利；1865年，南方投降，南北战争以联邦政府的胜利而结束。（3）理解：内战消除了国家分裂的危险，联邦中的成员脱离联邦政府控制的意图被打消，维护了美利坚民族和国家的统一。
美国南北战争，英语介绍
南北战争，又称美国内战（American Civil War），是美国历史上一场大规模的内战，参战双方为美利坚合众国（简称联邦）和美利坚联盟国（简称邦联）。这场战争的起因为美国南部十一州以亚伯拉罕·林肯于1861年就任总统为由而陆续退出联邦，另成立以杰斐逊·戴维斯为“总统”的政府，并驱逐驻扎南方的联邦军，而林肯下令攻打“叛乱”州。此战不但改变当日美国的政经情势，导致奴隶制度在美国南方被最终废除，也对日后美国的民间社会产生巨大的影响。The Civil War, also called the American Civil War (as allows), is to American history, the Civil War a massive War both for the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the federal) and American Allies (hereinafter referred to as the confederate). Since the war because the American south in 11 states to Abraham Lincoln in 1861 in office as President from the grounds, and the other was founded to Jefferson Davis as "President" of the government, and the expulsion of the south, and the union forces stationed Lincoln ordered against "rebel" states. On that day the United States not only change dispose of economic situation, lead to slavery in the United States are ultimately abolished, also south of the folk society in the United States have a huge impact.
