本文目录
- 英语语言学要怎么学
- 英语语言学知识点
- 英语语言学学习有什么意义
- 英语语言学对我们学习英语有哪些用处
- 英语语言学指的是什么
- 英语语言学是怎样的一门课程
- 英语语言学是什么
- 英语语言学专业的参考书目有哪些啊
- 英国的利兹大学有英语语言学专业吗
- 出国读研 教育学或英语语言学
英语语言学要怎么学
真的有毅力想学好，背课文！！记笔记！！坚持背，非常有效！！要点如下：第一章 绪 论 领会掌握和理解语言学研究范畴，人类语言的区别性特征以及语言学研究中的重要概念：规定性和描述性；共时性和历时性；口头语和书面语；语言和言语；能力和运用。 识记定义：语言学、语言、任意性、创造性、二重性、移位性、文化传递性 第二章 音系学 领会掌握音系学和语音学的相似性和相异性、音系的序列规则、同化规则和省略规则；超音位特征对语义的影响；了解人类的发音器官、元音和辅音的分类原则，并能利用这些原则对语音进行分类与识别。 识记语音学、宽式和严式标音法、音素、音位、音位变体、音位对立、互补分布、最小对立对以及超音位特征。 第三章 形态学 领会掌握构词规则和构词方法、和复合法的书写特征、句法特征、语义特征和语音特征。 识记形态学、语素、自由语素、黏着语素、词根、词缀、屈折词缀、派生词缀。 第四章 句法学 领会理解句子的基本成分和类型、句子的组合规则、句子的线性与层次性、深层与表层关系以及普遍语法原则。 识记句法学、层次结构、语法范畴、语法关系、短语结构规则、X-标杆理论、普遍语法。能利用所学的语法学知识分析相关问题。 第五章 语义学 理解掌握语义研究的几种主要理论：命名论、意念论、语境论、行为主义论；主要的意义关系；意义分析的两种形式：成分分析和述谓结构分析；句子间的语义关系：如：同义关系、矛盾关系、蕴涵关系、预设关系、矛盾句、语义反常等。 识记定义语义学、意义、所指、同义关系：方言同义词、文体同义词、表情意义和评价意义相异的同义词、搭配同义词、语义相异的同义词；反义关系：可分等级反义词、互补反义词、关系反义词；多义现象；同形同音异义现象；上下义关系。 第六章 语用学 领会掌握语用学与传统语义学的区别、语境、句子语义与话语语义的区别、言有所为与言有所述的区别；言内行为、言外行为和言和行为；Searle的言外行为分类以及阐述类，指令类，承诺类，表达类和宣告类的言外之的；能够使用言语行为理论和会话原则解释一些语言现象。 识记定义语用学、合作原则、数量准则、质量准则、关系准则和方式准则； 第七章 历史语言学 领会掌握研究语言变化的目的与意义；语言变化的本质；英语历史发展的主要阶段以及各个阶段的特点；英语系统的语音变化、形态变化、句法变化、词汇变化、语义变化；语系的划分，尤其是印欧语系；语言变化的原因：如语音同化、规则的简化、内部借用、规则的细化、社会因素和文化传播等。 识记历史语言学、历时语言学、原始语、语系、同源词、古英语、中古英语、元音大变位、词尾音脱落、插入音、语音变位；合成法、派生法、首字母缩略法、混合法、缩写法、略写法、逆成法等；语义的广义化、语义的狭义化、语义的演变等。 第八章 社会语言学 领会掌握语言与社会的关系，交际场景中各种社会因素对语言使用的影响；明确语言使用中的各种变体的本质特征，如地域变体、社会变体、语域变体等；理解黑人英语的语言特征、男性与女性的言语特征；弄清禁忌语和委婉语的本质联系，称呼语与社会因素的联系；双言与双语现象、共同语（Linguo franca）与洋径浜语(pidgin)以及标准语与非标准语的相似性和相异性。 识记定义社会语言学、言语社区、社会方言、地域方言、个人言语、语域、标准语、通用语、洋径浜语、克里奥尔语、双言现象、双语现象、民族方言、教育变体、年龄变体、性别变体、称呼语、俚语、禁忌语、委婉语。 第九章 心理语言学 领会掌握语言的生理基础、语言侧化、语言的中枢、语言习得的关键期以及语言与思维的关系；盖奇案例、吉妮案例以及两耳分听实验的语言学意义；各种功能在左右脑中的侧化以及语言中枢中的布罗卡区、韦尼克区和角形脑回在语言感知、理解和表达中的作用；了解有关语言与思维关系的一些早期观点；弄清萨丕尔—沃尔夫假设，并能够从词和意义的关系，语法结构，语言的可译性，第二语言习得，语言与世界观等方面对萨丕尔——沃尔夫假设进行批判；明确语言的主要功能以及语言对思维的影响。 识记定义：心理语言学、大脑皮层、侧化、右耳优势、关键期、语言决定论、语言相对论、萨丕尔—沃尔夫假设、自我交际、无声言语、有声思维 第十章 语言习得 领会掌握人类语言能力的生理基础和发展过程；语言习得主要是语法规则的习得；第一语言习得与第二语言习得的相异性和相似性；第一语言习得发展过程的各阶段、各阶段儿童语言的特征以及第一语言习得中语言输入、交流的作用，语言教学的作用，纠错与强化的作用和模仿的作用；Krashen有关习得与学习的区别；第二语言习得中语言输入的作用，教学的作用以及年龄、动机、语言文化输入、个性等个人因素对第二语言习得的影响。 识记定义：语言习得、幼儿保育人言语、行为主义的学习理论、独词句、双词句、多词句、电报式言语、语言转移、干扰、对比分析、语际语、语言僵化、动机、介入性动机、工具性动机、语言文化移入等。
英语语言学知识点
英语语言学是英语语言文学专业培养计划中的一门基础必修课，接下来我为你整理了英语语言学知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语语言学知识点：定义
1.语言学Linguistics
Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
2.普通语言学General Linguistics
The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.
3.语言language
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design Features
It refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
Arbitrariness任意性
Productivity多产性
Duality双重性
Displacement移位性
Cultural transmission文化传递
⑴arbitrariness
There is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions
⑵Productivity
Animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send.
⑶Duality
Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels.
⑷Displacement
Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
⑸Cultural transmission
Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species.
5.语言能力Competence
Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.
6.语言运用performance
Performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.
语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。
7.历时语言学Diachronic linguistics
The study of language change through time. a diachronic study of language is a historical study, which studies the historical development of language over a period of time.
8.共时语言学Synchronical linguistics
The study of a given language at a given time.
9.语言langue
The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.
10.言语parole
The realization of langue in actual use.
11.规定性Prescriptive
It aims to lay down rules for ”correct” behavior, to tell people what they should say and what should not say.
12.描述性Descriptive
A linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use.
英语语言学知识点：知识
1.language is not an isolated phenomenon, it’s a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.
语言不是一种孤立的现象，而是人类在一定的社会环境下进行的一种社会活动。
2.几种观点和现象的提出者：
⑴瑞士语言学家F.de Saussure F.de Saussure:Langue和parole的区别
⑵U.S.A linguist N.Chomsky美国语言学家N.Chomsky
in1950针对Saussure’s langue&parole提出Competence和performance
⑶曾经对语言概念下过定义的语言学家
Sapir---language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communication ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.
Hall----language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols.
Chomsky---from now on I will consider language to be a set of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements.
⑷U.S.A Linguist Charles Hockett美国语言学家Charles Hockett
提出了语言的识别特征design features
3.the word ’language’ preceded by the zero-article ,it implies that linguistics studies not any particular language.
Language一词前不加冠词说明语言学家不只研究一种特定的语言。
4.in order to discover the nature of the underlying language system ,what the linguists has to do first if to study language facts.
5.language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facts, so it’s hardly possible for the linguistics to deal with it all at once. 判断题
6.Frist drew the attention of the linguists were the sounds used in languages.最先引起语言学家注意的是语言的发音。
英语语言学知识点：问答题
1.what are major branches of linguistics? what does each study?
Phonetics----it’s defined as the study of the phonic medium of language, it’s concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.
Phonology---the study of sounds systems—the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall.
Morphology---It’s a branch of a grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
Syntax-------it’s a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of a language.
Semantics---It’s simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction.
Pragmatics---the study of meaning in context of words.
Sociolinguistics—the study of language with reference to society.
Psycholinguistics---the study of language with reference to the working of the mind.
Applied linguistics---the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.
2.why do we say language is arbitrary?
Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds refer.
The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language, it’s only our tacit agreement of utterance and concept at work and not any innate relationship bound up in the utterance.
A typical example to illustrate the ‘arbitrariness’ of language is ‘a rose by any other name would smell as sweet’.
3. what makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?
Modern linguistics is descriptive, its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language date.现代语言学是描述性的，其研究以确实可靠的、主要以口语形式的资料为基础。
traditional grammar is prescriptive. it is based on’ high’ written language.
传统语法是规定性的，研究‘高级’书面语。
4.Is modern linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? why
Modern linguistics is mainly synchronic, focusing on the present-day language. unless the various states of a language are successfully studied, it will not be possible to describe language from a diachronic point of view.
现代语言学主要是共时性的，重点研究现代语言。除非对语言的各种状态都进行成功的研究，否则很难从历时性角度对语言进行描述。
5.which enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writings?
Speech enjoys for the following reasons:
⑴Speech precedes writing in terms of evolution.
⑵A large amount of communication is carried out in speech than in writing.
⑶speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language.
6.how is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky’s ?
Both Saussure and Chomsky make the distinction between the abstract language system and the actual use of language. their purpose is to single out the language system for serious study
英语语言学学习有什么意义
从狭义地来说，语言学告诉了我们字词句的组成，有了这个理论基础，我们当老师或者家教的时候，可以更好地解释语言现象。
从广义来说，你可以更清晰地认识整个社会文化。比如，语言学第七章，很多学校都很爱考的一个章节，“语言和社会”。其中就解释了女性说话方式和男性说话方式为什么不同，女性说话有些什么特点，（即女性语体）男人和女人本是同一人种，导致他们说话不同的是社会因素。
扩展资料：
英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成：理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识、英语变体、英语学习策略等。
基础理论模块由英语语言学概论执行，内容涉及语言的各种属性、语言学的学科知识、语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、语言与心理、语言与文化、语言习得等。
研究方法模块通过介绍语言学研究的设计与分析方法，帮助学生掌握从事语言研究的本领，并直接与本科毕业论文的写作挂钩。
英语语言学对我们学习英语有哪些用处
从狭义地来说，语言学告诉了我们字词句的组成，有了这个理论基础，我们当老师或者家教的时候，可以更好地解释语言现象。（而不是一再告诉学生说：这是个固定搭配，背下来就可以）
从广义来说，你可以更清晰地认识整个社会文化。比如，语言学第七章，很多学校都很爱考的一个章节，“语言和社会”。其中就解释了女性说话方式和男性说话方式为什么不同，女性说话有些什么特点？（即女性语体）男人和女人本是同一人种，导致他们说话不同的是社会因素。
扩展资料：
在学习语言学之前，你可能从来都没有想过，语言学和社会文化还有诸多联系吧，所以说，它能发人深省啊。迄今，还很少有人从语言学的角度来观察和探索世界，这需要大家更多地沉淀自己、发自内心地热爱语言学，而不是仅仅视它为一门需死记硬背的考试。
大多数读linguistics的学生，毕业后都从事着和它南辕北辙的工作。我现在在研究生即将入学之余，自己制作了语言学的视频、和三五好友分享学习资源、开设YY语音上的语言学答疑小组、过的非常充实和丰富，但我也不敢说一定毕生从事语言学事业（也有学术尚浅的因素在内）。
对于职业发展，或许语言学对学子的贡献并不显著。但，倘若真的静心研读，它一定对你的气质修养、为人处世、生活心态起到了很大的帮助。
英语语言学指的是什么
语言学是对语言的系统研究,对于一个学习英语的人来说,应该懂一点语言学的知识,它可以在理论上对学习语言有指导作用,有助于更好的学习语言,下面介绍一点语言学知识. I. Introduction 1. What is Language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 2. What is Linguistics(语言学) Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 3.Some Basic Distinctions(区分) in Linguistics 3.1 Speech and Writing One general principle(原则) of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over writing. Writing gives language new scope(范畴) and uses that speech does not have. 3.2 Descriptive(描述性) or Prescriptive(说明性) A linguistic study is descriptive if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for "correct" behavior. 3.3 Synchronic(共时) and Diachronic(历时) Studies The description of a language at some point in time is a synchronic study and The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. 3.4 Langue(语言) and Parole(言语) This is a distinction made by the Swiss linguist F.De Saussure (索绪尔）early last century. langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community and parole refers to the actualized(实际的) language, or realization of langue. 3.5 Competence(能力)and Performance(行为) Competence is the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. Performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances(发声). 4.The Scope of Linguistics General linguistics is the study of language as a whole. Phonetics(语音学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. Phonology(音韵学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages. Morphology(词法) is the branch of linguistics which studies the form of words. Syntax(句法) is the branch of linguistics which studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. Semantics(语义学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language. Applied linguistics(应用语言学) is the study of the teaching of foreign and second languages. Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the mind. Historical Linguistics(历史语言学) is the study of language changes. Anthropological linguistics(人文语言学) uses the theories and methods of anthropology to study language variation and language use in relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of man. Neurolinguistics(神经语言学) studies the neurological basis of language development and use in human beings. Mathematical linguistics(数学语言学) studies the mathematical features of language, often employing models and concepts of mathematics. Computational linguistics(计算语言学) is an approach to linguistics in which mathematical techniques and concepts(概念) are applied, often with the aid of a computer. II. Phonetics(语音学） 1. scope of phonetics Speech sounds may be studied from different angles, thus we have at least three branches of phonetics: Articulatory phonetics(发音语音学）we may examine the way in which a speech sound is produced to discover which vocal organs are involved and how they coordinate(协调） in the process. Auditory phonetics （听觉语音学）we may look into the impression a speaker makes on the hearer as mediated(调节） by the ear, the auditory nerve(神经） and the brain. Acoustic phonetics (声学语音学） we study the physical properties of speech sounds, as transmitted（传送） between mouth and ear. 2. The vocal organs The vocal organs may be viewed as consisting of three parts, the initiator of the air-stream,(气流发生器官） the producer of voice（声音发生器官） and the resonating cavities.（声音共振器官） 3. Consonants(辅音） Places of articulation(发音部位）: bilabial,(双唇） Labiodentals,（唇齿） dental,（齿） alveolar,（齿龈） retroflex,（卷舌） palate-alveolar,（上齿龈） palatal,（上颚） velar,（软腭） uvular,（小舌） glottal(声门） Manners of articulation: plosive,（暴破） nasal,（鼻音） trill,（颤音） lateral,（边音） fricative,（摩擦） approximant,（近似音） affricate（破擦） 4. Vowels (元音） The classification of vowels: the height of tongue raising (high, mid, low), the position of the highest part of the tongue(front, central, back), and the degree of lip rounding(rounded, unrounded) III. Phonology（音韵学） 1. phonemes(音素）：a distinctive(有区别的） sound in a language. 2. Allophones(音位变体）：The nondistinctive sounds are members of the same phoneme. 3. Minimal pairs(最小对立体）： word forms which differ from each other only by one sound. 4. Free variation (自由变异）：If two sounds occurring in the same environment(环境）, they does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word. 5. Complementary distribution(补充分类）：Not all the speech sounds occur in the same environment. When two sounds never occur in the same environment 6.Suprasegmental phonology(超音段音位）：the study of phonological properties(性质） of units lager than the segment-phoneme. They are syllable(音节）, stress,（重音） word stress, sentence stress. pitch （音调）and intonation（语调）. IV. Morphology（词法） 1. inflection(构形法）：the grammatical relationships through the addition of inflectional affixes.(屈折词缀） 2. Word-formation(构词）：the processes(过程） of word variations signaling lexical relationships.（表明词法关系） They are compound(合成）and derivation (派生）. 3. Morpheme(词素）： the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content. 4. Allomorph(同质异象变体）： some morphemes have considerable variation, for instance, alternate shapes or phonetic forms. 5. Types of morphemes: They are roots,(词根） affix（词缀） and stem（词干）. 6. Lexicon(语言词汇）：in its most general sense, is synonymous with vocabulary. 7. Closed-class words(封闭性） and open-class words(开放性）：the former whose membership is fixed or limited and the latter whose membership is in principle(实际上） indefinite or unlimited. 8. Word class(词性）：It displays a wider range of more precisely defined classes. 9. Lexeme(词位）：the smallest unit in the meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other smaller units. 10. Idiom(习语,成语）：Most phrasal lexemes are idioms. It is especially true for a sequence of words(词序） which is semantically（语义上） and often syntactically(句法上） restricted.（限制） 11. Collocation(搭配）： the habitual(习惯的） co-occurrences （同时出现）of individual lexical items. V. Syntax (句法） 1. Positional relation or word order（词序）：the sequential(顺序） arrangement of words in a language. 2. Construction or constituent (句子结构）： the overall process of internal (内部）organization of a grammatical unit . 3. Syntactic function(句法功能）： the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used. The names of functions are expressed in terms of subjects, objects, predicates, modifiers,(修饰语） complements（补语）, etc. 4. Category(范畴）：It refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense, e.g. noun, verb, subject, predicate, noun phrase, verb phrase, etc. The categories of the noun include number, gender, case and countability. 5. Phrase: a single element of structure containing more than one word, and lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clause. 6. Clause: a group of words with its own subject and predicate, if it is included in a larger sentence. 7. Sentence: It is the minimum part of language that expresses a complete thought. VI. Semantics 1. Conceptualism or mentalism (概念主义）：Following F. De Saussure(索学尔）’s "sign" theory, the linguistic sign is said to consist of a signifier （所指）and signified（被指）, i.e., a sound image and a concept, liked by a psychological（心理的） "associative" bond.（相关联系） 2. Mechanism(机械主义）：Some linguists, Bloomfield,(布鲁费尔德） for example, turned to science to counter（反）-act the precious theories and this leads to what call the mechanistic approach（方法）. The nature of this theory has nothing to do with the scientific study of mental phenomena.（智力现象） 3. Contextualism （语境主义）：It is based on the presumption(假定） that one can derive meaning from or reduce it to observable context. 4. Behaviorism (行为主义）：Behaviourists attempt to define (定义）the meaning of a language form as "the situation(情景） in which the speaker utters（说话） it and the response（反应） it calls forth in the hearer." 5. functionalism (功能主义）：Functionalists as represented (代表）by the Prague school（布拉格学派） linguists and neo-Firthian （新弗斯）linguists, approach the problem from an entirely new orientation（方法）. They argue（争辩） that meaning could only be interpreted（解释） from its use or function in social life. 6. Sense relationships: While reference deals with the relationship between the linguistic elements, words, sentences, etc.,and the non-linguistic world of experience, sense relates to the complex system of relationships that hold between the linguistic elements themselves. They include synonymy(同义词）,antonymy(反义词）,hyponymy(下层次）Polysemy(一词多义）and Homonymy (同音异义词） 7. Semantic analysis: It includes 1) componential（成分） analysis which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components.(意义成分）2) predication (表述）analysis in which the meaning of a sentence is not merely the sum of the meanings of the words which compose it. 3) relational components in which the semantic analysis of some words presents a complicated picture, because they show relations between two and perhaps more terms. VII. Language Variation (语言变化） 1. Lexical change(词汇的变化）：changes in lexis. 2. Invention: (新造词）new entities. 3. Compounding:(合成词）New words are sometimes constructed by combining two old words. 4. Blending: (混合词）：It is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two roots are blended by joining the initial part of the first root and the final part of the second root, or by joining the initial parts of the two roots. 5. Abbreviation or clipping:(缩写）A new word is created by cutting the final part or cutting the initial part. 6. acronym:(取首字母的缩写词）It is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified (修饰） headword. 7. Metanalysis:(再分化）It refers to a process through which a division is made where there were note before. 8. Back-formation:(逆构词） It refers to an abnormal(非正常） type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting(去掉） an imagined affix from a longer form already present in the language. 9. Analogical creation:(类比造词）It can account for（说明） the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation(结合） of some English verbs. 10. Borrowing（借用）：English in its development has managed to widen her vocabulary by borrowing words from other languages. 11. Phonological change(音变）：It is related to language variation in the phonological system of language. It includes loss,(省音） addition,（加音） assimilation,（ 同化）dissimilation.（异化） 12. Grammatical change: Changes in both morphology（词法） and syntax（句法） are listed under this heading. 13. Semantic change:(语义变化）It includes broadening,（语义扩大） narrowing,（语义缩小） meaning shift,（意义转化） class shift（词性转换） and folk etymology.（词源变化） 14. Orthographic change ：(正字法）Changes can also be found at the graphetic level.
英语语言学是怎样的一门课程
内容简介：语言学概论是一门以英语为主要研究对象，系统地介绍语言学基本理论的课程。本课程旨在帮助学生把对语言、特别是对英语语言的感性认识上升为理性认识。课程内容主要包括：语言的本质、特征及功能；语音学；音系学；词法学；句法学；语义学；语用学；语言与社会、第二语言习得、语言学与语言教学等。
英语语言学是什么
中文名：英语语言学
外文名：English Linguistics
英语语言学是英语语言文学专业培养的一门基础必修课。目标包括系统传授现代语言学知识、提高学生英语学习能力、激发对从事语言研究的兴趣等。
是一门关於人类语言的科学研究。语言学包含了几种分支领域。在语言结构（语法）研究与意义（语义与语用）研究之间存在一个重要的主题划分。语法中包含了词法（单词的形成与组成），句法（决定单词如何组成短语或句子的规则）以及语音（声音系统与抽象声音单元的研究）。语音学是语言学的一个相关分支，它涉及到语音（phone）与非语音声音的实际属性，以及它们是如何发出与被接收到的。
与学习语言不同，语言学是研究所有人类语文发展有关的一门学术科目（通常只有根据语言，非文字）。传统上，语言学是文化人类学的分支学科，但是现在语言学越来越独立了。语言学研究句法和词语等语言的描述，也研究语言的发展史。
英语语言学专业的参考书目有哪些啊
《新编英美概况(修订版)》，《A Cultural History of the English Language》 (《英语语言文化史》)北京大学出版社2004,Knowles, Gerry;杨信彰主编《语言学概论》，高等教学出版社，冯庆华总主编 穆雷主编《英汉翻译基础教程》，高等教育出版社。
一英语的学科特点
（1）英语学科是一门语言学科，需要记忆大量的信息，以备后期的输出。要学好英语首先要记单词，记固定搭配，记语法规则，记时态，记句型，记好篇章，记好的表达方法，最后达到灵活运用的地步。
（2）作为国际上最通用的语言之一，英语具有鲜明地应用性。学会了就能使用，使用就能够有收获。英语是交际工具，掌握英语就多了一个交流思想、获得信息的途径。目前英语的使用越来越广泛，很多知识信息都以应用为载体。
二英语的起源与发展
（1）英语（英文：English）是一种西日耳曼语，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。
（2）自17世纪以来，现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体，英语已成为国际主导语言之一，在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位，例如科学、导航和法律。
英国的利兹大学有英语语言学专业吗
英国的利兹大学有英语语言学专业英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成：理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识、英语变体、英语学习策略等。基础理论模块由英语语言学概论执行，内容涉及语言的各种属性、语言学的学科知识、语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、语言与心理、语言与文化、语言习得等。研究方法模块通过介绍语言学研究的设计与分析方法，帮助学生掌握从事语言研究的本领，并直接与本科毕业论文的写作挂钩。
出国读研 教育学或英语语言学
到美国。至于哪个学校这个专业好你还要好好查询，可选择的学校很多的。大三了应该尽快把托福和GRE赶快考了。因为报名考试也要提前半年定位子的，申请材料也要最短半年提交的。
最好暑假考出雅思，这样大四开学就可以准备申请了。至于国家，因为你的成绩不是很高，申请不到美国排名好的学校。推荐英国和澳大利亚，一方面能申请到比美国更好排名的学校，另一方面在澳洲工作机会也更多些。
